Compost temperature

Ideally, compost should reach 160 degrees Fahrenheit to process properly. If the pile hasn’t been recently turned in hotter climates, temperatures can quickly escalate.

Beneficial microbes can kill off if the compost becomes overheated. Compost piles that get too hot aren’t in danger of catching fire, but some qualities are compromised.

Spontaneous combustion from excessive temperatures can occur but even in heated piles, the occurrence is very rare. When aerated properly and with the proper moisture content, compost piles are not dangerous no matter what the temperature, including enclosed, heated bins.

The problem lies with the ability of the living creatures that break down the waste, to survive the heat. Higher temperature can kill a lot of the good bacteria and organisms.

Pathogens and weed seeds destroy from the compost piles because of the high temperatures. The rotting matter releases heat as part of the aerobic process. Some nitrogen may be removed, however, from overheating.

If the pile is regularly turned and oxygen is mixed into the compost, high temperatures will be maintained. If it isn’t turned, anaerobic conditions will cause the temperature to drop, and a will decrease the speed of decomposition.  Yes, compost can get too hot but very rarely. Temperatures over 200 degree Fahrenheit will harm the beneficial organisms that allow the compost to be broken down.

Before the rare occurrence of a compost pile fire, three events must all happen together. First, there must be a non-uniformed mixture of dry, unattended material. Within this mixture, there are pockets of debris. The second condition of the fire is limited air flow in a large pile in an insulated area. The third and final condition would be to have a pile with the moisture distribution spread improperly.

The only piles that are in danger of fires are the largest ones, like those in commercial compost companies. They are only in danger if they are not managed correctly. Proper maintenance is the key to preventing overheating of bins and piles.

Regardless of storage methods, each compost pile needs heat and sun exposure. Heat is also released. Introducing moisture and oxygen to the entire compost is the key to managing heat levels.

Carbon and nitrogen levels should also be balanced. Too much nitrogen can create too much heat. The correct balance should be at a ratio of 25-30:1 carbon: nitrogen.

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